Rotational grazing is a strategic approach to livestock management that involves systematically moving grazing animals from one paddock to another. A paddock is a small section of a larger field, enclosed by a fence. This method allows forage to regrow in a healthy manner, preventing overgrazing and promoting soil enrichment through manure and organic matter. When livestock graze freely in one large field continuously, the forage does not have time to regrow, leading to soil degradation and reduced pasture productivity. Rotational grazing addresses these issues by ensuring that each paddock has sufficient recovery time before being grazed again.
To implement rotational grazing, several factors must be considered. First, assess the number of animals, available land, forage and soil quality, water availability, and the rotation schedule. The number of animals and the size of the land will determine the number and size of paddocks needed. Forage and soil quality are crucial for determining the productivity of each paddock and the overall health of the grazing system. Water availability must be ensured in each paddock to support the livestock.
Mapping out paddocks using satellite maps can help in planning their locations and estimating material needs. Satellite imagery provides a clear view of the land, allowing for precise delineation of paddock boundaries and efficient use of resources. Once the paddocks are mapped out, the next step is to construct fences. Fencing options vary from single strands of electric fencing to woven wire, depending on characteristics of the site. Electric fencing is often preferred for its flexibility and ease of installation, while woven wire provides a more permanent and robust solution.
The rotation schedule should be adjusted according to seasonal growth patterns. During summer months, when forage growth is lush and constant, livestock should be moved more frequently to prevent overgrazing and ensure continuous regrowth. In contrast, during the colder months, forage growth slows down, and the rotation schedule can be less frequent. Monitoring forage growth and adjusting the rotation schedule accordingly is essential for maintaining a healthy grazing system.
Regular soil samples are recommended to monitor soil health and make necessary adjustments to enhance soil quality. Soil testing is recommended every 3-4 years. Soil testing informs producers on nutrient levels such as phosphorus and potassium, pH, organic matter and more, allowing for informed decisions on fertilization and soil management practices. Healthy soil is the foundation of a productive grazing system, and regular monitoring ensures that any issues are addressed promptly.
Implementing rotational grazing requires careful planning and ongoing management, but the benefits to pasture health, livestock productivity, and soil quality make it a worthwhile investment. If you need further assistance or have specific questions about any aspect of rotational grazing, contact your county Extension office.
Resources:
Campbell , Brady . “Ag-Note: The Benefits of Rotational Grazing | Ohio BEEF Cattle Letter.” U.osu.edu, 19 Sept. 2018, u.osu.edu/beef/2018/09/19/ag-note-the-benefits-of-rotational-grazing/. Accessed 20 May 2025.